Course – Lesson 3: IV. Evidence-informed Strategies
LESSON 3:IV – Q+A WITH AUTHORS KATHERINE ORTEGA COURTNEY, PHD AND DOMINIC CAPPELLO
What are evidence-based and evidence-informed practices?
Dominic Cappello responds:
Evidence-based practices are approaches to prevention or treatment that are validated by some form of documented scientific evidence. This could be findings established through scientific research, such as controlled clinical studies, and other methods of establishing evidence that are validated. The study and findings have been published in a well-known peer journal.
Evidence-informed strategies use practice knowledge to guide program design and implementation. It might not be based on research and not always validated by science. This informed practice allows for innovation and incorporates the lessons learned from the existing practice.
What are best practice and promising practice and the differences between them?
Katherine Ortega Courtney, PhD responds:
Best practices have documentation behind them that validate a strategy, ideally more than one study that supports the efficacy of the practice.
Promising practices have a least one study that finds the practice to be better than a comparison practice or nothing.
How do data inform our understanding of effective practice and policy?
Dominic Cappello responds:
Best practices will have data to back up the theory behind the practice.
Best practices can lead to policy that is clear and effective.
How can action teams find research, best practices and innovation within their sectors?
Katherine Ortega Courtney, PhD responds:
There are many places to look for research. Our virtual innovation center provides all ten action teams with 10–20 projects that have the potential to increase access to services and quality of services. We recommend starting there and using the links provided to explore further innovations. These links to potential innovations are also provided in the book 100% Community in the workbook section (part 4).
How can one understand if a strategy successfully used in another state or jurisdiction can work locally?
Dominic Cappello responds:
One needs to compare all the assumptions of the hypothesis being considered for the innovation with the assumptions used in the other state to see how similar they are. This may determine whether the practice could be replicated in a local community (what works in Pittsburgh may not work in Roswell). Even though an idea is promising and initial data suggests it is appropriate, an innovation might not meet the cultural needs of a community.
How can data and research change policy?
Katherine Ortega Courtney, PhD responds:
Data and research can reveal policy and practice that do not work or could be improved. Through experiments and documentation of data related to practice, the workforce can improve practice and change policy.
How is policy made on the state level?
Dominic Cappello responds:
It is important to have a good understanding of how public policy is created, changes, and evolves concerning services to individuals and families. It is what gives framework to procedures and practice by the workforce.
Public policy making can be characterized as a dynamic, complex and interactive system through which public problems are identified and countered by creating new public policy or by reforming existing public policy. Public problems can originate in endless ways and require different policy responses (such as regulations, subsidies, quotas, and laws) on the local, state, national or international level.
Public policy making is a continuous process that has many feedback loops. Verification and evaluation are essential to the functioning of this system.
In public policy making, numerous individuals and interest groups compete and collaborate to influence policymakers to act in a particular way. The large set of actors in the public policy process, such as politicians, civil servants, lobbyists, domain experts, and industry representatives, use a variety of tactics and tools to advance their aims, including advocating their positions publicly, attempting to educate supporters and opponents, and mobilizing allies on a particular issues. Since societies have changed in the past decades the public policy making system changed, too.
Today public policy making is increasingly goal-oriented, aiming for measurable results and goals, and decision-centric, focusing on decisions that must be taken immediately. Furthermore, mass communications and technological changes have caused the public policy system to become more complex and interconnected.
These changes pose new challenges to the current public policy systems and pressure them to evolve in order to remain effective and efficient. This dynamic process makes it important to collect, analyze and report data effectively.